Stress concentration and mechanical properties are easy to be caused near the air hole.
Shrinkage of ductile cast iron.
Steel castings obtain a wider range of physical and mechanical properties than any other cast metal.
Annealing is a heat treatment process used mostly to increase the ductility and reduce the hardness of a material.
Alloying elements have very critical role on steel properties.
The metal fabrication process includes cutting, folding, welding, machining, punching, stamping, shearing, casting and forging.